What is Complex Trauma?
It’s a positive development that trauma awareness has never been higher. An increasing number of people better understand all-too-common realities like traumatic events and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). At the same time, however, there’s much more to know about trauma than can fit into a movie character or popular meme. For example, complex trauma requires our full attention.
Most folks might view trauma as something that can result from a singular, horrific experience. Of course, this can be true, but variations exist. Complex trauma involves repetitive, ongoing events. With roughly three percent of Americans struggling with C-PTSD, this is clearly an issue that deserves more of that growing awareness mentioned above. Let’s take a closer look.
What Does Complex Trauma Look Like?
Typical trauma can emerge after a one-time event like an accident or the death of a loved one. As you’ll see in the list below, complex trauma arises instead from long-term suffering and/or abuse. An important component is that the survivor does not feel they can escape the situation. Complex trauma is most common during childhood and can impact anyone of any age at any time. Frequently, the abuser is someone you know.
Examples of Complex Traumatic Scenarios
Ongoing abuse of any kind, e.g., physical, sexual, emotional, medical, etc.
More specifically, incest
Living in a location where war, terrorism, or genocide is present
Being tortured, kidnapped, trafficked, or prostituted
Neglect or abandonment — especially during childhood
Ongoing racism
When a child or adolescent is forced into being a caretaker or taking on any adult role
How Does Complex Trauma Impact People?
Our body has an automatic fight-or-flight response. Under typical conditions, it is a helpful, powerful process that prioritizes survival. Ideally, once the threat is gone, the stress response dissipates. Imagine what it might be like if the stress doesn’t pass. The person is left in a chronic state of hyper-vigilance. Nothing feels safe, and this takes a huge toll on their mind and body — often leading to C-PTSD.
Common C-PTSD Signs and Symptoms
Intrusive thoughts typically in the form of flashbacks and nightmares
Unexplained body tension, aches, and pains
Insomnia and other sleep issues
Dissociation
Fixation on traumatic memories or inability to recall such memories
Being easily startled
Angry outbursts and other forms of emotional regulation issues
Digestive disturbances
Social isolation and withdrawal
Decreased self-esteem combined with a feeling of being permanently damaged
Feeling as if no one understands you or what you’ve endured
Unable to trust others
Treatment For Complex Trauma
You will need to connect with a mental health professional (see below). Both self-care and relaxation techniques are essential complementary tools. Some elements to keep in mind are:
Meditation and breathing exercises
Meditative movements like yoga, dance, and Tai chi
Getting outside in the sunlight/being in nature
Journaling
Make healthy eating choices
Keep regular sleep patterns
Engage in exercise and physical activity every day
You’ll also want to recruit the support of trusted friends and family members. Let them know what you’ve gone through, and tell them how they can help with your triggers.
Therapy For Complex Trauma/C-PTSD
The foundation of your recovery will involve one or more proven therapeutic, e.g.:
Somatic therapies
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR)
Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT)
The process of healing begins with you accepting the presence of complex trauma and taking that first step toward recovery. Each person’s journey is unique, but remember, you can resolve trauma and begin thriving again. If complex trauma is affecting your life, you are not alone. Reach out if you are interested in learning more about trauma therapy.